Over 70 percent of these ethical guidelines also call for transparency and openness, safety, and AI that is sustainable and for the common good.13 Principles on a role for human oversight and control appear in just over 50 percent and the need for AI ethical requirements such as explainability and interpretability appear in less than 50 percent of the ethical guidelines assessed. Research in AI subfields like the robustness, explainability, and federation of machine learning systems is also helping us learn and reason about AI. In particular, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) cybersecurity framework is a good model for how to leverage international standards to build a common, globally acceptable approach to AI. The Ethics of AI Ethics: An Evaluation of Guidelines. The AI4Health Taskforce of the Canadian government gives recommendations on how AI in the health sector can benefit Canadians (cifar.ca, 2020). This dramatic expansion in funding and interest reflects advances in what AI can do. Together, the U.S. and EU comprise the largest trade relationship in the world, important markets, and key sources of AI capacity including AI talent, capital, and other resources. Foremost among them are high hopes for AI; hopes that echo the pre-existing importance of healthcare in recent national AI strategies. This paper looks at the challenges of international cooperation to these ends. It also requires a more strategic approach to how Chinese researchers engage, one that avoids shutting the door entirely to collaboration but is clear-eyed about the risks and takes appropriate measures to mitigate these. Often this requires that conveners curate and calibrate the contributions to the process. The 37-member OECD has several strands of AI-related work. first propose an efficient untargeted attack, called the FGSM, to generate adversarial samples in the L ∞ neighbor of the benign samples, as shown in Fig. The broader G-20, which includes China, Russia, and Saudi Arabia, also has made AI a subject of discussions. 2557). Goodfellow et al. On Wednesday December 23 I had the honor of participating in “AI Debate 2”, a symposium organized by Montreal AI, which brought together an impressive group of scholars to discuss the future of AI. And when it comes to a discussion on technology and AI issues, the G-7 overrepresents European countries based on GDP and not technology leadership. This second, updated overview of national AI strategies around the globe provides both a reference and a toolkit. Other national policies—China’s above all—seek to erect barriers to free and open development of AI, appropriating the benefits for their national champions and applying AI as a geopolitical lever. In fact, Brookings has been convening a Forum on International Cooperation on AI (FCAI), which brings together officials from Australia, Canada, the EU, Japan, Singapore, and U.S., with a spectrum of experts. Realizing this interest will require building global capacity for AI development and its application and advocating for policies that support innovation and R&D, including access to data, talent, and computing capacity. The focus on ethical AI also reflects concerns among democratic states about China’s development and deployment of AI. To foster AI policies that support development of beneficial, trustworthy, and robust artificial intelligence will require international engagement by the United States and cooperation among like-minded democracies that are leaders in artificial intelligence. Discover the latest in AI research and news from our community. In a global information society, digital policy issues must occupy a prominent place in U.S. governance and diplomacy. Finally, it makes recommendations for how the Biden-Harris administration should respond to these challenges and work with like-minded countries. Through its consultative processes, it developed the recommended policy principles adopted by its Council of Ministers, which are reflected in the G-20 statement and present a useful consensus on broad AI issues. Novel infrastructures, such as two deep learning models competing against each other in generative adversarial networks, have enabled developments like eerily realistic synthetic media. These developments are essential for increasing trust in the use of AI in a range of applications where black box decisions or predictions can be problematic for its use, such as in critical infrastructure and cybersecurity, expanding opportunities for AI in government and private services, and in helping address concerns about the treatment of sensitive and personal information. The work of U.N. agencies on AI covers diverse issues from the use of AI for verification of the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty to increasing detection of trade in endangered species. Some government efforts to capture the economic benefits from AI is driving mercantilist policies aimed at boosting domestic AI development in the name of digital sovereignty.42 Such policies may have negative spillovers, such as restrictions on access to data, data localization, discriminatory investment, or disproportionate compliance requirements that can hamper economic growth and gains from AI.43 International cooperation is needed here to address the risks of protectionism and avoid trade tensions that limit the global potential of AI. The recommendations that follow are based on three interrelated goals that should be a focus for the new administration and its international engagement on technology and AI: (1) developing avenues of cooperation for global development of AI, (2) effective alignment with the EU on AI, and (3) addressing the China challenge. As a Venture Partner with deep expertise in artificial intelligence, Alex focuses on applications of this emerging technology to a wide range of problems. Understand the societal implications of AI by developing global thought leadership on the economic, ethical, policy, and legal implications of advances in AI. The main ones are expanding cooperation with leading AI universities and joint research centers globally; expanding its role in determining technological standards; and more actively participating in AI governance including tackling common challenges (robot alienation, safety supervision).34, The development of AI policies by the U.S., China, and the EU reflects a broader global trend to develop increasingly comprehensive and strategic approaches to AI.35 Table 1 below summarized the published AI strategies of 28 countries.36 These strategies differ in terms of emphasis and levels of funding, but there are common elements. Neural Computation 10, 2010 and arXiv 1003.0358, 2010: committee of 25 NN 784-800-10 [elastic distortions] width normalization, deslanting: 0.39: Meier et al. One notable area of progress in international cooperation on AI has been development of transnational AI ethical principles. Leadership in AI: A Plan for Federal Engagement in Developing Technical Standards and Related Tool”, prepared in response to Executive Order 13859, https://www.state.gov/declaration-of-the-united-states-of-america-and-the-united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland-on-cooperation-in-artificial-intelligence-research-and-development-a-shared-vision-for-driving/, https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/white-paper-artificial-intelligence-european-approach-excellence-and-trust_en,  https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_2279, Full translation at https://www.newamerica.org/cybersecurity-initiative/digichina/blog/full-translation-chinas-new-generation-artificial-intelligence-development-plan-2017/, Daniel Castro, Michael McLaughlin, and Eline Chivot, “Who Is Winning the AI Race: China, the EU or the United States?” Center for Data Innovation, August 2019, Jeffrey Ding, “China’s current Capabilities, Policies, and Industrial Ecosystem in AI,” Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on Technology, Trade, and Military-Civil Fusion: China’s Pursuit of Artificial Intelligence, New Material and New Energy, June 7m, 2019, Amy Webb, “China Is Leading in Artificial Intelligence – and American Businesses Should Take Note,” Inc.Magazine, https://www.inc.com/magazine/201809/amy-webb/china-arttifical -intelligence.htm, https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/05/08/will-china-control-global-internet-via-its-digital-silk-road-pub-81857, https://www.newamerica.org/cybersecurity-initiative/digichina/blog/full-translation-chinas-new-generation-artificial-intelligence-development-plan-2017/, Johnny Kung, 2020. “Building an AI World: Report on National and Regional AI Strategies”, CIFAR,  Johnny Kung, 2020. “Building an AI World: Report on National and Regional AI Strategies”, CIFAR, The White House, “The United States Approach to the Peoples Republic of China”, May 2020. Hagendorff, T. (2020). As the Biden administration re-engages with the world and rebuilds alliances, it needs to develop a strategy for international engagement that articulates a comprehensive and balanced vision of how to harness the benefits and address the challenges of technology across this range of issues. Individual leaders have become engaged in these issues. AI branches that mimic human intelligence include machine learning, computer vision, and robotics, as shown in Fig. These can bring added energy to forums for AI cooperation. Accenture Canada's analysis of the economic impact of the world's first national AI strategy. To promote successful cooperation and manage expectations, the new administration should develop a strategy for engagement at the highest levels on a broad range of technology issues that a global information society raises. Developing norms of military use of AI is another promising area of bilateral cooperation that could have a significant impact in reducing tensions.54. This work in international AI standards bodies is additional to domestic work, such as that by NIST and regional bodies such as European focused CEN-CENELEC. A common approach to AI ethics alone is unlikely to provide sufficient glue for robust cooperation on AI. Indeed, discussions of AI policy commonly move from broad principles to specific sectors or use cases because many of the issues of harm, risk, values, and governance are highly contextual. These reflect shared democratic liberal values and concerns that AI develop in ways that is nondiscriminatory and protects and respect values including human dignity, autonomy, and privacy. The number of countries reported in the OECD AI observatory shows the broad interest in harnessing the benefits of AI everywhere. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. NIST’s work could be a foundation for collaboration on an international framework that integrates the wide array of international standards into a common approach to AI governance that could ultimately inform policy decisionmaking. 1001) and the Illinois’s Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act (H.B. Its strength in AI has been built on a global, open, and distributed system of innovation. The “Next Generation AI Development Plan” released by the Chinese State Council in 201726 includes a plan to become the global leader in AI by 2030.27 Together with China’s Made in China 2025 plan—an initiative to upgrade China’s manufacturing using technology such as AI—the 2017 development plan makes up the core of “China s AI strategy.28 Since then, China has become a world player in AI, by some measure second only to the U.S.,29 and former Google CEO and Chairman Eric Schmidt estimates China will surpass the U.S. in AI by 2025, though other assessments see China further downstream to the U.S. on AI,30 while still others put China ahead already.31 China has advanced its research outputs and expanded links between the Chinese government and local corporations for data collection and analysis to further advance AI systems.32 These benefit in particular from China’s scale as a result of its population and centralized control, which afford a significant comparative advantage in applications that require many iterations on large datasets, like autonomous vehicle technology.