The Chinese company Anhui Zhifei Longcom and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences partnered to make a vaccine. Pfizer and BioNTech found that the antibodies are somewhat less effective against another variant called B.1.351. Type: Muscle injection Updated Feb. 26, PHASE 1 Three decades ago, the German Center for Infection Research developed a smallpox vaccine from a harmless virus called Modified Vaccinia Ankara, or MVA for short. of ImmunityBio is billionaire Patrick Soon-Shiong, the owner of the Los Angeles Times. On Feb. 19, Pfizer and BioNTech announced that they could keep the vaccine stable at -25°C to -15°C (-13°F to 5°F).In January, scientists grew concerned about the emergence of fast-spreading variants that might be able to evade antibodies. By Carl Zimmer, Jonathan Corum and Sui-Lee WeeUpdated March 9, 2021. On Dec. 29, Biological E and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations announced a partnership to advance the development and manufacturing of the vaccine, with CEPI initially contributing $5 million to the effort. On Dec. 8 the FDA released their independent analysis of the clinical trials. The small San Francisco company Vaxart specializes in developing oral vaccines. Prime Ministerâs update following the National Cabinet meeting on 5 March 2021. The trial will determine whether the vaccine provides as much protection for them as for women who arenât pregnant, and also gather information on its safety. Phase 2 trials involve a larger group and often involve various potential doses. The Canadian company Entos Pharmaceuticals has created a DNA vaccine for the coronavirus. Updated March 4, PHASE 3 Dose: 2 doses, 4 weeks apart Using a delivery system from PharmaJet, researchers at BioNet-Asia and Australia-based Technovalia have developed a DNA vaccine called COVIGEN that can be pushed through the skin without a needle. On Dec. 14, the president of the university said that the Phase 1 trial was complete. Four months after their announcement, South Korean lawmakers said they had foiled an attempt by North Korea to hack South Korean companies developing coronavirus vaccines. In recent years, the company has tested mRNA vaccines for a number of diseases, but they have yet to bring one to market. APPROVED IN SWITZERLAND The trial delivered encouraging results: volunteers produced a high level of antibodies with no evidence of harmful side effects.But then the researchers made an unwelcome discovery: some volunteers were getting positive tests for HIV, even though they were not actually infected with that virus. On Feb. 24, the F.D.A. Turkey authorized the vaccine on Jan. 13, and its president got vaccinated the next day. On August 28, their Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems registered a Phase 1 trial on the vaccine, known as QazCovid. While it provided promising levels of antibodies in people under 50, older people did not respond as strongly as they had hoped. In February, they registered a placebo-controlled Phase 1/2 trial in Canada on 780 volunteers, comparing the effects from using one or two doses. They engineered the viruses to carry the gene for the coronavirus spike protein. Causing the body to make extra IL-12 could potentially enhance the immune systemâs ability to make antibodies to the spike protein. Dose: 2 doses, 4 weeks apart Emergency use in: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Bahrain, Bhutan, Botswana NEW, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, European Union, Iceland, India, Indonesia NEW, Iraq, Kuwait, Malaysia, Maldives, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea NEW, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, South Africa, South Korea, Thailand, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Vietnam. It contains a part of the spike protein, called RBD, along with two extra ingredients: proteins from a bacteria and aluminum hydroxide. COVID-eVax can remain stable at room temperature. In January the center announced that their initial formulation provided disappointing results and are postponing the trial until they update it. Vaccine name: Sputnik V (also known as Gam-Covid-Vac) The name refers to women who fought in Cubaâs nineteenth-century wars of independence. Updated Dec. 22, PRECLINICAL Both kinds have been tested as vaccines over a number of years. Vaccines typically require years of research and testing before reaching the clinic, but in 2020, scientists embarked on a race to produce safe and effective coronavirus vaccines in record time. Gamaleya produced the vaccine, initially called Gam-Covid-Vac, from a combination of two adenoviruses called Ad5 and Ad26. The full details of the trial came out in February, demonstrating a high efficacy after two doses. In January, Gamaleya researchers also started a trial on a single-dose version of the vaccine, which they dubbed âSputnik Light.â On Feb. 12, the director of the Gameleya center said in a television interview that it would likely provide only four to five months of protection.In November, the Russian government began offering Sputnik V within Russia in a mass vaccination campaign. Dose: 1 dose On Feb. 3, Vaxart announced that the trial revealed no serious safety concerns. They hope the combination will enable the vaccine to produce immunity thatâs both fast and long-lasting. It was also the first to be shown to be safe and effective with just one dose rather than two.The work that led to the vaccine started a decade ago at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, where researchers developed a method for making vaccines out of a virus called Adenovirus 26, or Ad26 for short. COVID-19 vaccine news. Top 3 COVID-19 vaccine questions â ââ Vaccine administration process, face masks and breastfeeding. The Finlay Vaccine Institute in Havana began testing a vaccine called Soberana 1. After those studies yielded promising results, Phase 3 testing on 30,000 volunteers began on July 27.On Nov. 16, Moderna announced the first preliminary data from the trial, followed by the complete data on Nov. 30. Johnson & Johnsonâs one-shot vaccine was authorized for ⦠It finally launched on Dec. 28 and is expected to deliver results in April. Anderson Cancer Center and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center); Indiaâs National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis; BCG-CORONA (UMC Utrecht and Radboud University); University of Campinas; University Health Network, the Serum Institute of India, the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology and Verity Pharmaceuticals; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and the University of Oklahoma; Vakzine Projekt Management. Out of 196 cases of Covid-19 among trial volunteers, 185 were in people who received the placebo. For an explanation of leading vaccines, see How Nine Covid-19 Vaccines Work. COVID-19 vaccine initiatives OWS: Operation Warp Speed is a collaboration of several US government departments including Health and Human Services (HHS) and subagencies, Defense, Agriculture, Energy and Veterans Affairs and the private sector. On Nov. 16, Inovio said that the F.D.A. A Phase 2 trial followed on 750 volunteers, which led the researchers to select a two-week spacing between the two doses of the vaccine. Efficacy: Unknown Vaccine name: Ad26.COV2.S Brazil authorized CoronaVac on Jan. 17. Nevertheless, Sinovac announced on Feb. 6 that China had given CoronaVac conditional approval. On Jan. 22 they registered another Phase 2 trial with 4000 volunteers. Finally, on Nov. 9, Pfizer and BioNTech released preliminary analysis of the first 94 cases.Over the next month, Pfizer and BioNTech released more data on more cases. Last May, they launched a Phase 1 trial on 192 volunteers which indicated the vaccine was safe and produced an immune response. Dose: 2 doses, 3 weeks apart For more details, see How Gamaleyaâs Vaccine Works. ImmunityBio launched a Phase 1 trial of a Covid-19 vaccine in October in the United States and another in South Africa in January. Updated March 4, ABANDONED The spray, called BBV154, contains a chimpanzee adenovirus developed by researchers at Washington University. They found that Sputnik V yielded antibodies to the coronavirus and mild side effects. Although apparently good news, the statement left vaccine scientists clamoring for details. Updated Feb. 23, PHASE 1 PHASE 2 COMBINED PHASES Efficacy: 80.6% On Oct. 23, the company announced it had reached an agreement with the government of Canada to supply 76 million doses. Updated Jan. 25, PRECLINICAL Earlier this year, they engineered the vaccine to produce part of the coronavirus spike protein as well. In August, Arcturus launched a Phase 1/2 trial at Singapore General Hospital. In early 2021, trials in Brazil and Turkey showed that it could protect against Covid-19, but they delivered strikingly different results--in part because they designed the trials differently. These ingredients, known as adjuvants, boost the immune systemâs response to the coronavirus RBD. It registered a Phase 2/3 trial with the GSK adjuvant, but in February the company announced it was cancelling the study. Updated March 9, PHASE 1 PHASE 2 COMBINED PHASES Last May, researchers published promising results from a Phase 1 safety trial on Convidecia, and in July they reported that their Phase 2 trials demonstrated the vaccine produced a strong immune response. In September, Dr. Albert Bourla, the chief executive of Pfizer, said the Phase 3 trial would deliver enough results as soon as October to show if the vaccine worked or not. China, Russia and other countries have begun administering vaccines before detailed Phase 3 trial data has been made public. The American company Merck acquired the Austrian firm Themis Bioscience in June to develop their vaccine, which had been originally developed at Institut Pasteur. At the end of 2020, its creators applied to the F.D.A. Janssen's vaccine uses the same technique as Oxford, but crucially is given as a single injection, rather than two. In that study, they found that an adjuvant made by GSK produced promising levels of antibodies in volunteers. On Nov. 24 they announced the start of a Phase 1 trial, with hopes for a Phase 2 trial to start in the second quarter of 2021. Updated Dec. 29, PHASE 1 PHASE 2 COMBINED PHASES Type: Skin injection On Nov. 12, the company announced that its vaccine could be kept in a refrigerator at 41 degrees. Encouragingly, the older volunteers produced about as many antibodies against the coronavirus as the younger ones. In November, CureVac negotiated a deal to provide the European Union with up to 225 million doses of their vaccine. A COVID-19 vaccine candidate has shown it can prompt an immune response in the human body, and was also found to be safe and well-tolerated in a small group of patients. Updated March 9, PHASE 1 On July 18, North Koreaâs State Commission of Science and Technology announced on their web site that they had started clinical trials on a vaccine based on part of the coronavirus spike protein. The South Korean company Genexine started testing the safety of a DNA-based vaccine in June. Based on 20 cases of Covid-19 among the trial participants, Russian scientists estimated that the vaccine demonstrated 92 percent efficacy. The California-based company Arcturus Therapeutics and Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore have developed an mRNA vaccine. (CNN)The US government is pouring billions into Covid-19 vaccines, and candidates from three companies are moving along quickly: Moderna, Pfizer and Novavax. ImmunityBio engineered the Ad5 virus to carry genes for two genes from the coronavirus. The company moved on to a Phase 2/3 trial in December. In addition to its project with Themis, Merck partnered with IAVI on a second viral vector vaccine. Updated Nov. 24, PHASE 2 PHASE 3 COMBINED PHASES In addition to their Abdala vaccine, the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Cuba announced on Nov. 26 that it was beginning a Phase 1 trial of a second vaccine, this one delivered as a nasal spray. The company hopes that this combination will provoke a strong immune response. Updated Feb. 25, PHASE 1 In an unprecedented move in the coronavirus vaccine field, they announced on Dec. 11 that they would collaborate with the Russian creators of the Sputnik V vaccine, which is also made from adenoviruses, to see if a combination with Sputnik V might increase the efficacy of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. EMERGENCY USE IN U.S., ELSEWHERE By Gavin Stamp Political reporter, BBC News. In a Dec. 11 interview, company's chairman Pankaj Patel, the companyâs chairman, said the company expects to have their vaccine ready for distribution by March 2021. They then inactivated the NDVs with chemicals. The central Asian nation of Kazakhstan began research on a vaccine made from inactivated coronaviruses over the summer. SK Bioscience, a South Korean vaccine maker, won approval on Nov. 23 from the countryâs Ministry of Food and Drug Safety for a vaccine called NBP2001. Currently, the Centers for Disease Control says pregnant women who become eligible may choose to get vaccinated, while pointing out the lack of data from trials.For more details, see How the Pfizer-BioNTech Vaccine Works and Inside the B.1.1.7 Coronavirus Variant. Some of the proteins, from hepatitis B viruses, assemble themselves into hollow shells. Investments from the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness supported the development of manufacturing that could lead to the production of a billion doses a year. The researchers have found that the Covid-19 vaccine produces antibodies in mice.The Indian company Biological E licensed it in August and launched a Phase 1/2 trial in November, combining the viral proteins with an adjuvant made by Dynavax. Updated Feb. 23, PHASE 1 A lack of transparency over the development, procurement, allocation, and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines threatens the global COVID-19 recovery. On Sept. 28, the F.D.A. The Trump administration awarded a $1.9 billion contract in July for 100 million doses, but The New York Times reported in December that the administration passed up the chance over the summer to secure another 100 million doses. On Feb. 14, Oxford announced they would start trials on children as young as six.For more details, see How the Oxford-AstraZeneca Vaccine Works. They designed their coronavirus vaccine as a pill, which could have made it easier to distribute than syringes for injections. Experiments on mice showed a strong immune response. Updated Oct. 20, PHASE 1 The Abdala vaccine consists of a piece of the coronavirus spike protein called the receptor-binding domain. Last spring Vaxart began work on an oral vaccine for Covid-19. Updated Jan. 28, PHASE 1 APPROVED IN CHINA In Turkey, the efficacy against Covid-19 with at least one symptom was 83.5 percent. Type: Muscle injection The researchers thought that the antibodies would not grab the clamp. Efficacy: Unknown Some viral vector vaccines enter cells and cause them to make viral proteins. Emergency use in: India, Zimbabwe NEW. Type: Muscle injection A Phase 1/2 trial then showed that the vaccine didnât cause any serious side effects and enabled people to make antibodies against the coronavirus. But on Oct. 27, Dr. Bourla announced that the volunteers in the trial had yet to experience enough cases of Covid-19 to determine if the vaccines work. Updated Jan. 28, PRECLINICAL Storage: At least a week at room temperature They have now used it to make a nasal spray vaccine for Covid-19, delivering the Ad5 adenovirus to the airway. At least 78 preclinical vaccines are under active investigation in animals. Dose: 2 doses, 2 weeks apart Updated March 2, PHASE 3 On Dec. 22, Belarus became the first country outside of Russia to register Sputnik V, and since then a number of other countries have followed suit. COVIran Barekat is the first vaccine developed in Iran to go into clinical testing. Updated Nov. 13, PHASE 1 President Donald Trump said last week he's optimistic that a vaccine will be available by the presidential election November 3. Other viral vectors slowly replicate, carrying coronavirus proteins on their surface. Theyâve taken on a number of different diseases this way; their flu vaccine finished Phase 3 clinical trials last March. Instead, it will move forward with a trial with the Dynavax adjuvant. Researchers at City of Hope, a California biomedical research institute, created a vaccine based on a weakened form of a virus called Modified Vaccinia Ankara, or MVA for short. Estimates vary, but some ages might be able to get vaccinated against COVID-19 by the fall of 2021. EMERGENCY USE IN U.S., BAHRAIN Type: Nasal spray 23, 2020 , 1:05 PM. In October, the company began giving the pill to volunteers in a Phase 1 clinical trial. The efficacy determined from the Phase 3 trials has yet to be published. They project manufacturing up to 300 million doses in 2021 and up to a billion doses the following year.